The machining process of parts varies depending on the type of process.
The following is a typical machining process for conventional mechanical parts:
Traditional machining process
Material preparation: Select raw materials (such as bars, castings, forgings) and prepare materials according to the drawing requirements.
Rough machining: Remove most of the excess, initially approach the shape of the part (such as turning, milling), and leave subsequent machining allowance.
Semi-finishing: Correct the shape and size, and prepare the reference surface or functional surface for subsequent processes.
Heat treatment: Adjust material properties (such as quenching to increase hardness, aging to eliminate stress).
Finishing: Achieve final size and surface accuracy (such as grinding, finishing).
Surface treatment: Improve surface properties (such as electroplating, oxidation, spraying).
Inspection: Check size, geometric tolerance and surface quality to ensure that it meets design requirements.
CNC machining process
Design drawings: Use CAD software to establish a geometric model to determine part features and tolerance requirements.
CAM programming: convert geometric data into machine tool instructions, plan tool paths and set cutting parameters.
Clamping workpieces: select an appropriate fixture to fix the blank, and complete the establishment of the machine tool coordinate system and tool compensation settings.
Automatic processing: perform multiple processes from roughing, semi-finishing to finishing.
Quality inspection: use three-coordinate measurement or special inspection fixtures to verify accuracy, and perform surface treatment (such as deburring and polishing) when necessary.
Different processes must follow the principles of “benchmark first”, “primary first, secondary second”, “face first, hole second”, etc. The heat treatment process is arranged in stages according to the influence of deformation.
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